An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations

Economics

classical school of Economics

Economic politique

Economia

Riqueza.

BOOK I. Of the Causes of Improvement in the productive Powers of Labour, and of the Order according to which its Produce is naturally distributed among the different Ranks of the People. CHAPTER I . Of the Division of Labour

CHAPTER II. Of the Principle which gives occasion to the Division of Labour

CHAPTER III. That the Division of Labour is limited by the Extent of the Market

CHAPTER IV. Of the Origin and Use of Money

CHAPTER V. Of the real and nominal Price of Commodities, or of their Price in Labour, and their Price in Money

CHAPTER VI. Of the component Parts of the Price of Commodities

CHAPTER VII. Of the natural and market Price of Commodities

CHAPTER VIII. Of the Wages of Labour

CHAPTER IX. Of the Profits of Stock

CHAPTER X. Of Wages and Profit in the different Employments of Labour and Stock

Part I. Inequalities arising from the Nature of the Employments themselves

Part II. Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe

CHAPTER XI. Of the Rent of Land

Part I. Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent

Part II. Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent

Part III. Of the Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of that Sort of Produce which always affords Rent, and of that which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent

Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver during the Course of the Four last Centuries

First Period

Second Period

Third Period

Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of Gold and Silver

Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver still continues to decrease

Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price of three different Sorts of rude Produce

First Sort

Second Sort

Third Sort

Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver

Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price of Manufactures -- Conclusion of the Chapter -- BOOK II. Of the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment of Stock -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER I. Of the Division of Stock -- CHAPTER Ii. Of Money considered as a particular Branch of the general Stock of the Society, or of the Expence of maintaining the National Capital -- CHAPTER III. Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of productive and unproductive Labour -- CHAPTER IV. Of Stock lent at Interest -- CHAPTER V. Of the different Employment of Capitals -- BOOK III. Of the different Progress of Opulence in different Nations. CHAPTER I. Of the natural Progress of Opulence -- CHAPTER II. Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the antient State of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire -- CHAPTER III. Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns, after the Fall of the Roman Empire -- CHAPTER IV. How the Commerce of the Towns contributed to the Impovement of the Country --

BOOK IV. Of Systems of political economy

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. Of the Principle of the commercial, or mercantile System

CHAPTER II. Of Restraints upon the Importation from foreign Countries of such Goods as can be produced at Home

CHAPTER III. Of the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of almost all Kinds, from those Countries with which the Balance is supposed to be disadvantageous

Part I. Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints even upon the Principles of the Commercial System

Digression concerning Banks of Deposit, particularly concerning that of Amsterdam

Part II. Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints upon other Principles

CHAPTER IV. Of Drawbacks

CHAPTER V. Of Bounties

Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws

CHAPTER VI. Of Treaties of Commerce

CHAPTER VII. Of Colonies

Part I. Of the Motives for establishing new Colonies

Part II. Causes of the Prosperity of new Colonies

Part III. Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope

CHAPTER VIII. Conclusion of the Mercantile System

CHAPTER IX. Of the agricultural Systems, or of those Systems of political Oeconomy, which represent the Produce of Land, as either the sole or the principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of every Country

BOOK V. Of the Revenue of the Sovereign or Commonwealth

CHAPTER I. Of the Expences of the Sovereign or Commonwealth

Part I. Of the Expence of Defence

Part II. Of the Expence of Justice

Part III. Of the Expence of publick Works and publick Institutions

Of the Publick Works and Institutions for facilitating the Commerce of the Society. And, first, of those which are necessary for facilitating Commerce in general

Of the Publick Works and Institutions which are necessary for facilitating particular Branches of Commerce

Article 2d. Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Education of Youth

Article 3d. Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Instruction of People of all Ages

Part IV. Of the Expence of supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign

Conclusion of the Chapter

CHAPTER II. Of the Sources of the general or public Revenue of the Society

Part I. Of the Funds or Sources of Revenue which may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth

Part II. Of Taxes

Article 1st. Taxes upon Rent; Taxes upon the Rent of Land

Taxes which are proportioned, not to the Rent, but to the Produce of Land

Taxes upon the Rent of Houses

Article 2d. Taxes upon Profit, or upon the Revenue arising from Stock

Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments

Appendix to Articles 1st and 2d. Taxes upon the Capital Value of Lands, Houses, and Stock

Article 3d. Taxes upon the Wages of Labour

Article 4th. Taxes which, it is intended, should fall indifferently upon every different Species of Revenue Capitation Taxes

Taxes upon consumable Commodities

CHAPTER III. Of public Debts.